Corpse Flower (Amorphophallus Titanum)

Amorphophallus titanum corpse flower titan arumPost peak bloom, starting to wilt. It’s a fleeting display lasting only hours.

I went out to the University of California, Santa Barbara to see the corpse flower in bloom, a titan arum named “Chanel.” In the wild it’s a rare species which is endemic to western Sumatra, Indonesia, and it’s said to produce the largest inflorescence in the world.

Chanel, which reached a height of 4’10”, was grown from a seed harvested from the corpse flower named “Tiny” which bloomed at UCSB in 2002. When I saw Tiny in bloom at that time there was only a few other people there to take a gander.

That was before the advent of Facebook. This time a special Facebook page was set up to chronicle the bloom cycle of Chanel and it quickly racked up over one thousand “likes” and countless other followers. A webcam provided online viewers still photos taken every five minutes making it easy to know when exactly the plant was going to bloom and several thousand people turned out to take a looksee.

This time when I arrived there were about 70 to 80 people in line, while in 2002 there was no line. After being there forty-five minutes, as I walked out after seeing the famous plant, the line remained just as long. While only anecdotal, it’s interesting to see the apparent power of social media to get out the word about such an event and the crowd it’s able to rally.

The plant’s Latin name may be translated as meaning “giant misshapen penis.” Amorphos, meaning without form or misshapen; phallus meaning penis; titanum meaning giant. Watch a time lapse video of the plant blooming and it’s readily apparent why whomever named it chose that name.

I can’t help but wonder, however, why they chose to emphasize its phallic characteristics in a name rather than anything else about the plant like its putrid stench when in bloom, which is such a notable and essential feature of its existence.

Its rancid smell, which is emitted when the bloom opens and the spadix or large upright shaft heats up, helps attract insects to pollinate it. It lasts only a day or so. The temperature of Chanel near its peak bloom was measured at 95 degrees.

chanel corpse flower amorphophallus titanum

titan arum in habitatAmorphophallus titanum in habitat in 1925. (Tropenmuseum of the Royal Tropical Institute)

durian fruit photoHere I am in Indonesia just prior to tasting my first and last durian fruit. (Photo from 2001, and for anybody that may not recognize it, that’s not my head, it’s Chevy Chase.)

On a different somewhat related note, being intrigued by exotic plants as I am, in southeast Asia there is a fruit called durian. In 2001 I had the (dis)pleasure of sampling a nibble and nearly vomited. The fruit has a thick spiked skin, but its flesh is soft with a custard-like consistency similar to cherimoya.

Durian tastes okay, and I might have been able to get passed its mushy, slimy consistency were it not for the fruit’s gut turning disgusting stench. It reeks like a mixture of rotting excrement and diesel. It smells so bad that some hotels in Indonesia place signs prominently in their lobbies, as I saw, warning guests not to bring durian fruit into the building.

Despite this less than desirable characteristic the fruit is highly regarded among many locals and several men nearby who saw me gag on it were obviously amused. I had no problem giving it to them after I tried it, as they happily accepted it.

Related Posts:

Small Corpse Flower at El Capitan Beach

Stapelia Gigantea Bloom (carrion flower)

Miniature Stapelia Bloom

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Semen Stains, Fake Tequila and Cava de Oro in Mexico

Sonoran Desert MexicoSonoran Desert

“The traveler was active; he went strenuously in search of people, of adventure, or experience. The tourist is passive; he expects interesting things to happen to him. He goes ‘sightseeing.’”

Daniel J. Boorstin, The Image: A Guide to Pseudo Events in America (1961)

Through the eye withering, searing summer heat of the Sonoran Desert we roll southward. The sun shines through the window burning my bare arm, the futile blow of air conditioning inches away unable to compete against its solar radiance from ninety-three million miles away, the glass hot to the touch. I slouch toward the center of the truck trying to avoid its unbearable glare.

It’s a wasteland out theredirt, rocks, cacti, mesquite and little else. The barren, shimmering land stretches out limitlessly before us with no other signs of life but for the few vehicles we pass. And the odd man on a bicycle, or even afoot, pressing northward through the hellish inhuman conditions lugging a gallon jug of water. It’s mind-blowing to behold, unfathomable to an absurd degree.

The hottest ambient temperature I have experienced was in the Sonoran Desert at 120 degrees. It seems impossible that anybody could travel in these sweltering conditions by such rudimentary means. I wonder if I could even survive, should we break down, laying still in the dappled shade of the sparse dessert brush.

What must be compelling these disheveled men to risk traveling through this harshest of environments with so little? Their dark, wrinkly skin visibly glistens with sweat as we pass by, like strips of beef sizzling on a grill, carne asada on an asphalt griddle.

Desert adobe MexicoAdobe ruins left by somebody that gave up their relentless struggle against the Mexican desert.

The hours tick by with the constant spinning of our four balding tires. Deeper and deeper we plunge into the heart of the Mexican mainland. We drive for eighteen to twenty hours at a time, with short intermittent stops for gas and tacos and empanadas from random roadside food stands at all hours of day and night, where they chop taco meat on battered old greasy logs, flies buzzing.

Some how I manage to avoid becoming violently sick for several days, but later, in the high mountain town of Taxco, it hits with a crippling, bowel blasting vengeance. Desperately running to the bathroom, I don’t know whether to first squat or bend over, as it shoots with equal force from both ends.

We spend scant hours sleeping over in a few decent hotels, but also a couple of seedy rooms where I try to touch as little as possible and grimace when stepping bare foot into the showers. One room is too disgusting to bear, the unwashed sheets polka dotted in semen stains and who knows what else. If the walls could talk I would not want to hear their stories. After wrangling with the man that took our money and gave us the key we secure a cleaner room down the road. With only a few hours of sleep we waken dazed and heavy headed and roll out.

MexicoFreshly tilled Mexican countryside.

Approaching the outskirts of Tequila, I’m surprised that it’s so small. For whatever mistaken reason, I had anticipated the seat of production for this world famous liquor to be as large as the reputation of the drink it delivers to the farthest corners of the earth, to be humming with the bustling blur of a sprawling metropolis, but it’s just another small town in the Mexican countryside like so many others.

Pulling up to one of the first street vendors we come to, we eagerly slide stiff legged from our vehicle and mosey over to inspect the offerings. Various sizes of bottled tequila of differing hues sit atop a wooden table. After sipping samples and conversing with a woman, who stokes our interest by informing us that this tequila was smuggled out of the Patron factory, we negotiate a price and take with us a couple of bottles. And on we roll.

Much later, somewhere too far down the road to return, we crack the cap on a bottle and sample a swig. It’s fake. Tastes like something used to strip paint, certainly not what we had sampled. Maybe it’s a poorly made sugarcane moonshine or cheap mescal and maybe we’re lucky we didn’t go blind drinking it. What ever it is, we dump it. While I take it in stride with some degree of humor, it’s a blow to Clinton’s pride. I’m a rookie. He’s a veteran. He lives in Mexico.

Clint is an adventurer and has spent a fair part of his life traveling through South America and the Mexican interior always seeking out the less visited nooks and crannies. His trips are real, raw and original, not the hackneyed tour schedules of travel companies full of tourist traps listed on Wikipedia. He speaks fluent Spanish and is street wise in Latin American ways. But this time some petty swindler got the best of him and it’s clear, though he says little, that he’s stewing over it.

blue agave Tequila MexicoBlue agave plants, from which tequila is distilled, growing near Tequila, Mexico.

The building looks like the ruins of better times past. It appears to be under construction, likely never ending, because so long as a building in Mexico is not finished its owner owes no taxes on it. It sits beside a two-lane asphalt road in El Arenal, Jalisco, down the road from Tequila and on the way to Guadalajara. It’s fronted by a stone wall and open muddy soil on this gloomy, rainy afternoon. A gaping cargo entry door sits open and it’s dark within.

There are no signs of people or reason to think anybody frequents the place other than a few fading tire tracks in the mud. Most people would drive right by oblivious to its existence or maybe afford it a passing glance at most if it happened to catch their attention, but it’s the sort of place with an irresistible appeal to Clint and so he pulls in and parks.

We wander about, me doing so more to stretch my cramped legs than out of any real interest. It’s an unremarkable place. I’m along for the ride, Clint is leading the way. We peek inside, but it’s dim and unlit and nothing we see compels any further investigation.

As we turn away from the building a truck pulls in behind our rig and out steps a middle-aged man dressed in ranch attire common to Mexican men who work with their hands, denim jeans, a hand crafted leather belt and a light-colored long-sleeve shirt. His thick grizzly hair is neatly trimmed, his face smooth as well-worn saddle leather. He’s fit for his age, with broad shoulders and a narrow waist, and walks erect with an air of confidence and strength. He commands respect by sight alone.

My previously casual feeling evaporates before this man’s deliberate march. I’m a gringo thoroughly out of my element deep in a foreign country snooping around private property. A country where one must not only worry about being robbed by bandits and thugs, but shaken down by the police, too, which has happened to me more than a few times over the years.

roasted agave hearts "pinas"Freshly roasted blue agave hearts laying outside the oven, door removed, in the Cave de Oro tequila distillery. © Bill Bumgarner

Hildado is the man’s name and this is his distillery where he crafts limited production tequila, Cava de Oro. You won’t hear it hyped in flashy American commercials, won’t see its snazzy giant banner ads at major American sporting events and won’t see it on American shelves. It’s available in small quantities only in Mexico.

Hildado invites us inside and as we follow him in we see his assistant, a wiry bespectacled younger man that’s the polar opposite of his boss in appearance, sitting in the darkened room before the glow of his laptop screen.

The computer is an oddly out of place modern device in what looks like an old derelict building housing little else but wood barrels and a couple of small, utilitarian machines. While the making of fine tequila requires skill and specialty knowledge, the tools to do it are but few and simple.

tequilaShredding the roasted agave hearts. © Bill Bumgarner

Hildado gives us a tour of his distillery and explains the tequila making process. It’s a humble operation by the standards of other large companies like Patron or Jose Cuervo, but in his own small space with limited equipment he crafts liquor of exceptional quality. While tourists flock in droves to the factories of those other world famous brands, Hildado’s boutique distillery, the equivalent of a little heard of microbrewery compared to Budweiser, is just the sort of place for a traveler like Clint.

Hildado shows us the oven where the agave hearts are roasted, where they’re shredded, where they’re juiced and the tank where he lets the agave juice settle before transferring it to oak casks to age. One end of the building holds the preparatory equipment and the other side is stacked with barrels of aging liquor, all bearing the signed labels of Mexico’s official tequila regulatory inspectors ensuring that it’s genuine. Phony tequila is a big problem, as we learned first hand, and the Mexican government takes it seriously.

Hildado grabs a five gallon bottle half full of fresh water, a two liter bottle of Squirt soda and a bottle of his tequila and invites outside for drinks. For the next two hours we sit sipping his tequila with him and his assistant. Clint offers suggestions and advice on how to market Cava de Oro in the U.S., and though we just met Hildado by random chance, it’s as if he is an old friend who just gave us a personal tour and taught us how to make tequila.

And that, friend, is the benefit of exploring the path less traveled and peeking into the darkened corners of the world often overlooked, ignored or purposely avoided by others.

Be a traveler, not a tourist.

tequila cava de oro

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Gaviota Pass Overlook, Gaviota State Park

Gaviota CoastThe Gaviota Coast and Santa Ynez Mountains.

“The Gaviota Coast is the largest stretch of undeveloped coastline remaining in Southern California, and is representative of the only coastal Mediterranean ecosystem in North America.”

—Gaviota Coast Conservancy

Surf in the morning. Spearfish into midday. Hike the afternoon away. Ah yes, the beauty and bounty of the Gaviota Coast.

The Gaviota Coast is an especial place. It is remarkable for its rich marine and terrestrial biodiversity, desolate beaches, surf, rocky mountains and the rarity of a prodigious stretch of undeveloped California coastline.

Aside from my affinity for such exceptional characteristics it is a place of particular sentimental value to me. I lived for awhile in a canyon along the Gaviota Coast as a kid and spent much time exploring the beaches and mountains unsupervised by adults.

During this time I developed a close connection to the area that would grow, as I later spent time working at several different residences and ranch properties along this stretch of rural coastline, as well as at exclusive homes in Hollister Ranch. Even in my menial duties on remote $15 million estates the bucolic beauty of my surroundings never escaped me nor lost its luster.

Gaviota State Park hikingThe mounded peak overhead in the distance is the objective, overlook point.

Los Padres National Forest mapThe westward pointing finger of the southern Los Padres National Forest.

One of the many beauties of the Gaviota Coast are the Santa Ynez Mountains. The crest of this coastal range forms a westward pointing finger of the Los Padres National Forest (LPNF) reaching Gaviota State Park, which makes it possible to access the forest on foot by way of trail from the sandy wet seashore at the park. Such beach to backcountry trail access into the LPNF is possible nowhere else in Santa Barbara County.

The Beach to Backcountry Trail in Gaviota State Park leads passed the Wind Caves and a short side branch of the trail leads to a prominence overlooking Gaviota Pass.

Gaviota hikingGaviota PeakGaviota Peak on the left and the overlook mountain on far right.

Gaviota State Park hikesA view from the trail.

Gaviota Peak hikeA view of Gaviota Peak from Gaviota Pass overlook.

Gaviota State Park aerial viewHighway 101, Gaviota State Park beneath the railroad trestle and the Pacific Ocean.

Related Posts:

Two Arches, Gaviota Coast

Gaviota Pass and U.S. Route 101 (1930s)

Motoring on the Gaviota Coast (1906)

 

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Marijuana in the Woods: Endangering Hikers and Killing Wildlife

marijuana santa barbaraMarijuana growing in the Los Padres National Forest. (Santa Barbara Sheriff’s Department)

Marijuana Increasingly Grown In National Forests

According to the Santa Barbara Sheriff’s Department, “large-scale marijuana cultivation is a serious and increasingly widespread problem on public lands in California, including the Los Padres National Forest.” In 2010, out of California’s 18 national forests, the Los Padres ranked fifth for the number of marijuana plants eradicated by law enforcement officers.(1)

I have come across numerous marijuana grow operations over the years. Too many to recall. Both inactive no longer used sites and actively growing plants. I’ve seen them in one form or another in Bear Canyon, Potrero John Creek and Godwin Canyon in Ventura County. In Santa Barbara County, I’ve come across several grow sites in the Montecito foothills, Cieneguitas Canyon, Goleta foothills below West Camino Cielo and in Lewis Canyon, to name just a few.

Choose any major canyon or flowing creek and there is a decent chance that it’s in current use or has been used previously to grow marijuana. Spend enough time off-trail in this part of the Golden State and a hiker is likely to stumble across the work of guerrilla growers at some point.

In times past, out of youthful naiveté, I was never concerned about the danger of a potential run-in with a grower. Over the last couple of years, however, my view of this issue has changed. Now I feel the creep of concern wash over me when out alone off-trail in the woods and I see the tell-tale signs of growers.

Figueroa Mountain LookoutA Threat To Hikers

Whereas I once assumed that weed growing around these parts was the work of harmless potheads looking to grow their own smoke and make a few dollars, it is now clear that in many instances they are operated by Mexican drug cartels, and other ruthless characters who will not hesitate to turn my day into a living nightmare. News reports chronicle the finding of high power rifles and law enforcement officers being fired on when raiding grow sites.

I never carried a firearm a single time in my younger years, but I’ve now been forced to wrestle back and forth against a growing compulsion to carry a gun whenever I go for an off-trail hike. I would rather not. I have no interest in getting into a firefight and I have enough to carry without the added burden of lugging around a loaded pistol.

But the law does not provide protection, it punishes the perpetrator after the fact. Dialing 911, if by chance there is cell service, is a futile waste of time when I’m far away up some remote roadless canyon. Calling for help that takes hours to arrive is pointless when all I have are seconds to defend myself.

I am fed up dealing with the consequences of growers in the forests and open spaces I frequent. I don’t appreciate having to concern myself with the possibility of being shot at or maimed or killed by booby traps when I’m recreating.

marijuana grow irrigation lineThe tell-tale sign of a weed growing operation, black plastic irrigation tubing running through a canyon.

Consequences of Chemical Fertilizer in Riparian and Marine Environments

I’m disgusted and angered by the tons of trash and toxic chemicals left behind by growers. I recently found a couple of hundred pounds of chemical fertilizer left beside a tributary of Sespe Creek, which during winter rains will leach into the drainage and wash down stream threatening critical habitat for the endangered southern steelhead. The nitrates from the fertilizer can spur harmful algal blooms in creeks and rivers, which can lead to hypoxia or depleted levels of oxygen that can suffocate fish.

But it does not stop there. Eventually the fertilizer may reach the ocean where it works in a similar manner but with an added twist. The fertilizer fed algal blooms can release vast quantities of the neurotoxin domoic acid into the water, which is absorbed and concentrated in shellfish like clams and mussels.

Aside from the possibility of poisoning humans, these are favorite foods of southern sea otters, which are officially listed under the Endangered Species Act as “threatened.” The otters eat the poison laden shellfish and become sick or die. In addition, blue-green algae cause microcystin intoxication in sea otters, a deadly liver infection.

los Padres National Forest marijuana growLos Padres National Forest creeks are prime pot growing territory.

Does it stop there? Theoretically, no. Sea otters are a keystone species that play a vital role in the marine environment. They feed upon, and thus help check the population of, sea urchins which are voracious eaters of kelp. If sea otters disappear so does the kelp, as the urchin population explodes and devours entire kelp forests leaving behind barren reef.

Kelp forests hold one of the greatest concentrations of biodiversity in all the world’s oceans and support about one quarter of native marine life in local waters. The submarine forests provide essential habitat for over 800 organisms from the tiniest sea creatures to large game fish and mammals. As the otters go, so does the kelp and all other life that depends on it.

While it may be a stretch to link such wide ranging destruction to marijuana growers, it is possible with enough chemicals washing into local watersheds. More to the point, though, the environment is already under enough stress from various causes, including massive fertilizer runoff from the state’s intensive agriculture. Additional sources of loosed chemicals only serve to exacerbate existing problems.

Upper Santa Ynez RiverA potrero in  the upper Santa Ynez River watershed of the Los Padres National Forest.

Consequences of Pesticides on Wildlife

Lush well-watered pot plants growing in the hot and dry Mediterranean climate of Southern California are extremely attractive to hungry and thirsty rodents. To combat this problem growers haul in and carelessly disperse large quantities of rodenticide.

The result is the indiscriminate, incidental death of countless other animals from owls and hawks to bobcats and mountain lions, who die of secondary poisoning from feeding upon rats and mice that have eaten the rodent bait.

The poisoning of carnivores like coyotes, bobcats and mountain lions from anticoagulant rat bait is well documented. According to the National Park Service, 80 percent of bobcats in the Ventura County area that were tested had some form of rat poison in their systems and their population has plummeted.(2) While this is largely attributed to common residential and commercial use of poisons, it illustrates the catastrophic impact resulting from such deadly chemicals.

It is also possible for still more species to die of tertiary poisoning. For example, a condor feeding upon a bobcat that died from eating poisoned rats. It is not out of the ordinary for an area around a grow zone to reek of death.

In 2010, over three million marijuana plants were eradicated from Los Padres National Forest alone. Consider how many pounds of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides were used to grow them and the impact it had on wildlife. And that is merely from grow zones that were discovered by police and it also does not include all other forestland outside officially designated national forests.

screen shotAn article in the Ventura County Star newspaper detailing the tertiary poisoning of two mountain lions from rat poison.

Palms at Goleta BeachThe Santa Ynez Mountains are a grower’s dream. Plants rooted on the sun-saturated south facing mountainside enjoy long hours of direct sunlight, intensified by the mirror-like reflection off the Pacific Ocean, and if growing on a slope get hit with direct sunlight from root to tip.

My Opinion

I take a libertarian position on the matter of marijuana possession and use. I find it utterly preposterous that the government has outlawed a plant. The issue for me is not marijuana, but how and where it’s grown. I draw the line when it comes to the careless, inconsiderate and destructive practices of guerrilla growers polluting my backyard and threatening my life and well being, just so they can make a buck or fill their stash box.

UPDATE July 26, 2013:

July 25, 2013

“$85 million in pot plants seized

The individuals responsible, cut down the native vegetation, introduce toxic chemicals into these National Forest lands, harm the wildlife and divert natural water supplies into naturally arid landscapes. A major focus of these marijuana eradication operations is the removal of the chemicals, poisons and trash that were unlawfully introduced onto our National Forest lands.”

http://m.keyt.com/news/85-million-in-pot-plants-seized/-/19201834/21156456/-/622asrz/-/index.html

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Chumash Indian Rock Art Pictograph

california rock art pictographsLittle Ms. E and I ventured out for a short hike Wednesday morning to a pictograph site. This is the fifth Indian rock art site I’ve taken her to and it required the longest and most strenuous hike for her yet. I ended up carrying her on my shoulders, but we made it. It will be some time before she’s ready to visit the more remote backcountry sites, but as she gets older we’ve been extending the range of our outings a little at a time.

The pictograph adorns the wall of a shallow, northwest facing alcove overlooking a small seasonal creek. There are no bedrock mortars. The outcrop sits along the top of a rolling hill of grass and chaparral near the mouth of a canyon and it offers expansive views of the surrounding countryside.

rock art pictographs

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