“Fortunately, the task of preparing this volume has been carried on by those who have had the feeling that a piece of work must be done, but who also have had a purpose to make it reveal beauty and exude the historical atmosphere of the region with which it is concerned.”
—Santa Barbara: A Guide to the Channel City and Its Environs (1941)
Aluminum lobster/crab size gauge seen against his inner thigh and a net bag on the waist to hold the catch.
We’ve been freediving local nearshore waters for over 35 years. We’ve been surfing for about the same amount of time and before that in the youngest years was the boogieboard.
We’ve been going to the beaches around here all our lives.
We can’t say how many hours we’ve spent in close observation of the seashore in that time and what goes on there, but it’s many.
We’d like to think we know what we’re seeing when we see it.
And while we didn’t see them with a lobster, we know they were poaching.
Lobster gear on the waist, speargun in hand.
We watched them long enough to see what they were doing and it was suspect to say the least.
On the opening day of lobster season for recreational divers they were working an area we know well, from decades of experience.
They weren’t there hunting fish, although they each carried spears.
We’re sure they would tell us they were going for fish, but they wouldn’t fool us by saying so.
Typically, spearfisherman myself included would not and do not pay such close attention to the specific area they were focusing on, unless they were going for lobster.
We wouldn’t because we know from experience that the fish don’t hang out there.
We know this to be true of other spearfisherman because we watch carefully other players in the game and have for a long time.
Where they were is exactly where I look for lobster, but not for halibut nor seabass.
We’ve taken lobster, halibut and seabass from here, but each from their preferred nook of habit within the place at large.
Where they focused was not even where lesser game like perch hang out.
And it’s not where the coveted corvina can be found either.
But it is exactly where the lobster are to be found.
Putting on a glove preparing to dive for a lobster.
We know they were after lobster by their dive behavior, too. They spent inordinate amounts of time floating over very specific areas and diving down.
That’s not typical of spearing for fish, but it is of lobster hunting.
So, the area of choice and behavior while there are two rather large clues that suggest what is actually going on.
Ostensibly, they were looking for fish. But their actions tell a different story.
At one point the diver with the pole spear that had a broken rubber band put on a right-handed glove, after his buddy had surfaced from a dive and called him over.
Apparently, the one diver had spotted a lobster and told the other to get ready so he put on his glove.
Then they both dove down together, spears in hand.
Again, that’s not typical behavior when spearing for fish.
Spearfishermen don’t usually dive down together to charge a fish and see who can shoot it first or whatever. Such behavior does not make sense if after fish.
But it does make perfect sense if they were diving for lobster.
One of their names might be Zack.
If we’re going to walk the line and play by the rules ourselves, then we demand others do as well.
It’s an outrage to witness flagrant in-your-face violations.
Last year while diving at this exact spot we saw a couple of long lengths of timber bamboo on the seafloor, caught in the caves and crevices of the rock outcrops offshore.
And it was perfectly evident to us at the time that somebody had been using the bamboo as a tool to flush lobsters from the caves, which is illegal.
It seems this place may be getting pillaged right under our noses.
Kiddin’ around on La Cumbre Peak, the warm apricot glow of that slanted winter light.
“And it was one of those days in the high pines when the sun and sweet breeze get into your underwear.”
—Don DeLillo, Underworld (1997)
Trial by Torrent
El Niño has continued to strengthen through summer and warnings of a super El Niño now continue into fall.
Heavy rains are expected, maybe even record amounts like we’ve never in our lives seen around here.
Governor Newsom recently declared a state of emergency.
Governor Newsom proclaims state of emergency to bolster statewide El Niño preparedness, protect California
SACRAMENTO – As a historic El Niño storm season develops, Governor Newsom is proclaiming a state of emergency today, mobilizing state resources ahead of potential winter storms and other impacts.
The emerging El Niño event is already breaking records, and forecasters expect it to continue to strengthen, potentially becoming the strongest in recorded history.
The Forest Service has a track record of forcibly prohibiting foot access into public lands when it rains and trails wash out.
What would Dick Smith think?
David Stillman up the creek without a trail, Dick Smith Wilderness.
The Ranger
And with dust in throat I crave
Only knowledge will I save
To the game you stay a slaveRover, wanderer
Nomad, vagabond
Call me what you will—Metallica, Wherever I Roam
Stillman never let lack of a maintained trail stop him from hiking the public lands. He couldn’t care less about a footpath or if it washed out.
He is not alone in this sentiment, and that’s why we mention him. This is not uncommon practice among many hearty and stoic Americans, including senior citizens.
If a broken trail was to stand between the man and the forest, then the trail be damned.
Take a looksee at his weblog:
Stillman: Devil’s Heart Peak via New Route: Coronary Couloir, Class III
Often times, the less trace of trail to be found, the more attractive and better the hike.
Sweat, blood and blisters, dues paid.
To the game he stayed a slave.
“You got the sickness, too, huh?” he once quipped out afield together when on a 22-mile day hike up, over and down Pine Mountain in Ventura.
He was speaking to that insatiable throbbing compulsion deep inside that drives men forth for no discernible reason, as Mallory once explained.
Alpine starts at 2 or 3 in the morning and hiking hours in the dark by headlamp before sunrise and after sunset are not uncommon.
A steadfast insistence on deep immersion in the visceral thick of the bush.
Some people take bigger bites out of the apple than others.
Some people prefer the road less traveled or no road at all.
Some people are not risk-averse.
Maybe it’s better to allow it, because the Forest Service cannot possibly stop it.
Perhaps public servants would do better to work with the people whose land it is and whom demand to be there, rather than working against them, and telling them to leave.
I think Dick Smith in his heart would have identified with this sort of passion, surely.
I have no doubts, but I’ll allow that maybe I’m wrong.
And the Earth becomes my throne
I adapt to the unknown
Under wandering stars I’ve grown
By myself but not alone
I ask no one
And my ties are severed clean
The less I have, the more I gain
Off the beaten path I reign—Metallica
Somewhere Danny Hillman is complaining about toxic masculinity.
Dick Smith On Access
“Despite his many positive attributes, Dick Smith is described as being rather stubborn in his beliefs and controversial in his actions.
He was known for intentionally removing private fences so that the public could have trail access.”
—Bryan Conant, Matilija and Dick Smith Wilderness map (2013)
“All right, maybe he was something of a crank — he’d be the first to admit it.”
—T.C. Boyle, A Friend of the Earth (2000)
We respect and admire the steadfast man of conviction who sticks to principle in the clutch, whether we agree with him or not.
To be controversial is to be consequential. To be consequential is to matter.
Sometimes decorum serves as a bulwark others hide behind.
Sometimes the flame of righteous dissent is dampened by the strictures of social etiquette.
As Laurel Thatcher Ulrich observed in 1976, “Well-behaved women seldom make history.”
They named a wilderness after Smith. He must have been doing something right, and not much wrong.
Clint Elliott, Jack’s father, aged 67 scrambling up Cold Springs Creek, just below Tangerine Falls, after the Montecito Debris Flow (2020) with Carlos Andrés Neda García.
“That night it rained. But this was no ordinary shower or even a downpour, this was an El Niño event, evil harbinger of the apocalyptic weather to come, . . .”
—T. C. Boyle, A Friend of the Earth (2000)
Simple Questions
If a trail need not be necessary to hike through the forest, then why does it matter if it washes out?
Hiking a boulder-chute of a creek like upper Cold Springs in the Santa Ynez Mountains is not illegal.
If it is not illegal to walk the public lands without a trail on any other given day, then on what reasonable basis can it honestly be deemed illegal to hike when a trail simply washes out after a rainstorm?
We believe these sorts of forest closures are unconstitutional.
Carlos Andrés Neda García, Grand Capucin, Mont Blanc, France
Jack’s lion standoff in the Santa Ynez Mountains. (video)
“Finally I asked Dick point blank, ‘What do I do if you drop dead while we are out here in the middle of nowhere?’
‘Just leave me,’ he replied.”
—Jan Hamber, as quoted by Ray Ford, Dick Smith was Conscience of Santa Barbara Backcountry, Noozhawk.com
The Nature of Nature
To Smith rugged wildlands were inviting.
You know, that hackneyed quote about the mountains calling and the man must go.
The mountain’s strenuous challenges were a grownup-kid-kind-of-fun. Like Muir in a tree in a wind storm.
The possibility of getting hurt was never held up as a good reason not to go.
Are you kidding me?
Smith accepted the inherent risk in nature, no matter the consequence.
The nature of nature is dynamic and dangerous.
That’s the way we like it, ese.
“Life’s a risk, carnal.”
—Paco Aguilar, Blood In Blood Out
A scrum of tadpoles in a metamorphic growth race against the sun and evaporation.
Ford on Smith
Ray Ford once authored a piece about Dick Smith in which Ford described sitting on the mountain’s crest behind Santa Barbara, gazing into the backcountry riprap of the Coastal Ranges, his spirits buoyed by how “the land reaches out like a promise.”
“This was Dick Smith’s kind of country,” Ford wrote. “To him it was not forbidding, . . .”
Ford wrote admiringly of how Smith found in that harsh land “a heightening of one’s own senses in the face of wilderness challenges.”
Ford once sung the praises of a rugged individualist in Smith whom grinned in the face of hardship and discomfort, eyes sparkling with electric life.
That is the essence of adventure, for which some people live, and for which some might rather risk injury or death rather than go without.
Why not let them go?
A place mentioned in some of Dick Smith’s writings.
Keeping Tabs
“Dick knew politics but left political reporting to the newsroom.
When he did write, it was about the sea, the shore and the mountains.
That meant careful investigative reporting on the U.S. Forest Service.
He had contacts there and loved to expose the gamesmanship that went on to the detriment of the public.”
—Barney Brantingham
Ded Ted
Middle of Nowhere
Ford quotes the late Barney Brantingham, a local journalist and co-worker of Smith’s, telling a story about a strenuous, if not brutal, backcountry hike led by Smith.
Guess what? There was no trail.
But it was even better than that. It was a bloody bushwhack.
“We ended up hiking half the night, off-trail, up some brush-choked, god-forbidding side canyon.
Dick had no idea where we were, but he didn’t let me know it. Instead, he’d just keep urging me on a little further, getting my imagination worked up about what might be around the next bend.
Before we knew it we were not only hopelessly lost, but too far from anything we could call camp to bed down before dark, so we stopped right there, out in the middle of nowhere, which was exactly where Dick seemed to want to be anyway.
Dick loved it. You could see it in his eyes and the things he said.
You knew there wasn’t anyplace he’d rather be right then, despite the aching muscles, the scratched arms and legs, and the intense thirst.”
—Barney Brantingham, as quote by Ray Ford, Noozhawk
Readers may note that that now is two different people in the same single article that referenced Smith in his element in the “middle of nowhere.”
The general populace may not know just how very inviting “some brush-choked, god-forbidding side canyon” can be to some people.
Ford further elaborates about Smith’s extensive backcountry explorations, many of which were physically trying and made without well-maintained trails, if any path at all whatever.
An outcrop known as the Dick Smith Caves. There is no trail leading there. Somehow, he made it, and back even.
More Bullmoose, Less Titmouse
We look to history as a frame of reference, to provide context within which to better understand where we are, by knowing where we’ve been, and for guidance on where we’re headed and where we might should go.
Smith stands as a blazing beacon lighting the way.
What he would have thought or said we can only now guess.
But what we do know for sure is that Smith did not shrink from the harshness of the Santa Barbara backcountry because it could be dangerous or even kill him.
He met life out there head on.
“Just leave me,” he replied.
I take that comment as a serious answer stated flatly with a straight face, not said in jest with a grin.
Sounds Ed Abbey-ish. They buried Ed hidden out in the desert somewhere in an illicit grave.
They spread Dick’s ashes in the local backcountry across the top of the Sierra Madre Mountains.
Doubtless neither man liked a forest closure because it rained, a trail washed out here and a tree fell there.
Life Outside
“Dad was not so much Dick Smith to me, but Dad — the man who showed me how to do so many things: the Dad who had me pulling nails and straightening them at age six; the Dad that let me use all of his tools, both hand and power, when I was eight; the Dad who let me sail out of Santa Barbara Harbor by myself as a ten-year-old.”
—Joel Smith, California Nature Art Museum: Dick Smith and His Backcountry Wilderness
Do you think dad would have allowed son a hike in yonder wood?
Or would he have said it was too dangerous, stay out?
What would Dick Smith think?
Related Posts:
Dick Smith Calling a Condor, Piru (1970)
When the Rains Fall, Will USFS Close Our Forest: The Coming El Niño
Language of Forest Closure: Assault on an Ancient Right
Hiking is Not a Crime, Let Forest Be Thy Medicine
Hiking is Not a Crime; Bull Moose and Titmouse
As dead as it looks, that stump is still very much alive, although the tree may have been cut down decades ago.
The old sycamore stump sprout has been razed yet again.
A maintenance worker apparently snipped it off when clearing seasonal grasses along the verge. The grass and the sprout were cut at the same time.
It’s unclear why the tree keeps getting whacked. There doesn’t appear to be any reason of significance when standing on the scene.
It doesn’t block foot traffic on the adjacent sidewalk and never would.
It doesn’t block the view of cars driving by were it allowed to grow into a tree again.
Although, perhaps, in one hundred years or more it might begin to encroach on the bicycle lane along the road, when its trunk finally became swollen with age.
That distant possibility hardly seems reasonable cause to justify the continued lopping.
The sprout did not last nearly as long this time, as it did in its last effort at a taller life.
The freshly clipped sprouts with but one small leaf remaining, and a previous sprout of several inches in diameter that had been lopped off the last time.
As seen in the photo above, the last time the tree had reached two or three inches in diameter before being decapitated.
Repeated whacking has only slowed the tree’s visible growth, but not killed it.
A tree may live on long after its central core or heart wood above ground has rotted out naturally and left a cavernous void or has been purposely removed altogether by human hands. That columnar wood is not really its heart.
Common perception may hold that a tree consists mostly of what is seen above soil line, and that may be true in volume, but what exists below ground is really the heart of the matter.
Thus, the girth and height of a tree can be deceptive as a measure of age.
A tree may be far older than what its trunk may suggest. A dead looking stump is not always dead. Counting tree rings does not always provide an accurate measure of age.
And so the latest thin sycamore sprout, looking similar to a young sapling, is in fact merely the freshest growth of a rather old tree.
In a town that first won recognition back in 1980 from the Arbor Day Foundation as being a Tree City, just four years after the program was initiated, its ironic to see this iconic landmark repeatedly chopped down to a nub.
Wouldn’t it be nice if the old sycamore was allowed to grow again to its full potential?
Powered by an existing long established and possibly still extensive root system, and apparently tapped into its twin neighbor sycamore through connected roots and or a symbiotic fungal network, the tree would probably grow rapidly.
Related Post:
A friend captured this snapshot while sitting in camp creekside waiting for me to show up.
We had left town at different times, arrived at the trailhead apart, and met up later in the afternoon.
I arrived just in time to miss out.
An unfortunate bit of timing.
I have never seen a bald eagle in these parts.
I kept eyes peeled during the remainder of our stay, but, alas, it was not to be.
I did not spy yellow talon nor white feather of the great raptor anywhere near or far.
One day, maybe.
Related Posts
Stillman and the Condor Feather
Fight with a Condor: Experience of a Forest Ranger in Santa Barbara County (1902)
“Transmit the message
To the receiver
Hope for an answer someday”
—Talking Heads, Life During Wartime
Political Theatre
“Monkeywrenching can also be seen as a sophisticated political tactic that dramatizes ecological issues and places them before the public when they otherwise would be ignored in the media.”
—Dave Foreman, founder of Earth First!, as quoted by Alston Chase, In a Dark Wood: The Fight Over Forests and the Rising Tyranny of Ecology (1995)
Who’s crazier?
The mud-streaked naked hippie running through the woods with a clown mask on?
Or
The armed federal agent in paramilitary gear leading a vicious K-9 chasing after to arrest her for hillwalking?
Santa Barbara backcountry bathtub, four-feet deep and chilly under the hot sun.
El Niño Rising & Precipitation Accumulation Intensifying
El Niño appears to be forming this year.
That does not mean we’ll experience a winter of above normal rainfall, necessarily. But the chance for it does seem more likely than usual at the moment.
In addition, whether or not rainfall totals for the entire season measure in above normal, we may experience torrential cloudbursts in short periods of time, with downpours that plunge with force and rush over the land in ways we’ve rarely if ever seen.
Singular events of significant precipitation accumulation are more likely in California with climate change, and could result in torrents of runoff damaging roads and trails and other humanmade developments.
Hell’s Half Acre, Santa Barbara backcountry.
Trial By Raindrop
Shouldn’t the Forest Service manage these wetter, more intense weather events in ways that accord with common daily behavior as seen across the nation?
Humans are not risk averse beings.
We take precautions like wearing seatbelts, but our lives in practice are not hemmed in by an “abundance of caution,” that ivory tower theoretical abstraction.
“In the United States, motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death,” the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention tells us.
Driving carries significant risk. So what? Most everybody drives anyway.
And so this begs a question. When the rains fall, will the Forest Service close our public lands?
Will Forest Supervisor, Kimberly Winter, close Los Padres National Forest and throw us out of our own backcountry by force, at gunpoint?
Will she prohibit hillwalking in 30% of Santa Barbara County that is national forest?
Will a woman treat us like convicted rapists for merely walking? Oh, the irony.
That Kimberly Winter may once more close the forest is not an unreasonable assumption. The question is not unwarranted.
Ms. Winter closed the forest before, citing “storm damage” and justifying the prohibition based on an expansive interpretation of public health law, contrary to the Constitution as per case law precedent, supposedly “to provide for public health and safety.”
The Forest Service now sees fit to burnish the resume of her predecessor, Christopher J. Stubbs, with reference to his prior role overseeing the closure of Los Padres National Forest in 2023.
“At Los Padres, Stubbs built key partnerships on a 2-million acre, urban-coastal National Forest and led his staff through severe flooding and storm damage during the winter of 2022-2023.”
Mr. Stubbs lead subordinates that toed the party line in pursuit of a paycheck, in a disservice to the common folk, as if that’s something to boast about or admire.
Who among them stood on principle, in defense of the Constitution, and resigned in protest?
Where were all the No Kings protesters?
Ms. Winter is a doctor of thought, a philosopher, of sorts. She holds a PhD from the University of Georgia.
Would that she thinks deeply when the rains fall heavily, and designs a plan of sound management that accommodates common recreation afoot out yonder.
Surely hiking is no more dangerous than driving.
They’re our bodies. Shouldn’t hiking be our choice?
Condor National Forest beckons.
Interlude
“. . .wandering the hills with no discernible purpose because he was a man and that’s what men did.”
—Eminent local novelist, T. C. Boyle, San Miguel
Off-trail in Santa Barbara County, deep within the hinterlands.
A day’s worth of hiking just to reach the staging ground for the next day’s adventure, further into the woods, into the unknown, to see sights for the first time.
Hiking, scrambling, crawling at times, fighting brambles of dense chaparral raking and scratching skin, dribbling droplets of blood, pouring sweat, face coated in dust and grit and duff, quenching thirst infrequently with warm water, rationing because only so much can be carried, and there’s no guarantee of finding more in the field; nibling nuts and dried fruit, chawing jerked beef, swallowing salt tabs and B-vitamins and caffeine pills, skittering across stone slopes, traversing steep and loose hillsides uneasily, skirting ledges, and downclimbing dry pour-over waterfalls, never knowing if the haphazard route will go or if mid-way through a reversal will be mandatory, to retrace the route entirely, back from whence we came, all the way back up in brutal defeat, because the indifferent mountain offers no other recourse, and the sun is slipping lower, ever lower.
Not enticing for most people, but requisite for some.
Meat and potatoes for the human mind. Salve for the soul.
That is the promise of public lands, “accessible by the simplest means—feet and legs and heart.”
Speaking of heart. . .
As my friend, David “Crash” Stillman, once quipped, somewhere off-trail together on the south slope of Haddock Peak out in the back of beyond, “you got the sickness, too.”
Yes. It’s an incurable affliction.
It’s sort of like hunger. It can be satiated, but only temporarily. Soon more food is needed or else you get hangry and fidgety.
My case is not nearly as severe. It’s only a mild compulsion.
Stillman’s is pathological; 21 miles in 22 hours, out of bounds, through a riverbed, up and down a pathless mountainside, to stand but briefly atop Devil’s Heart Peak, all alone in a desolate land.
Why?
God only knows.
There is no rational answer, as George Mallory once suggested of climbing Everest.
It’s something in the DNA of mankind, an indelible mark seared into the psyche by the hot iron of evolution.
“If you cannot understand that there is something in man which responds to the challenge of this mountain and goes out to meet it, that the struggle is the struggle of life itself upward and forever upward, then you won’t see why we go.
What we get from this adventure is just sheer joy. And joy is, after all, the end of life.
We do not live to eat and make money. We eat and make money to be able to live.
That is what life means and what life is for.”
—George Mallory
The “pursuit of happiness,” as Thomas Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence.
That’s “the foundation of liberty,” John Locke wrote in 1689.
Santa Barbara County coast. Stay salty!
Guerilla Gauchos
“This was psychological warfare.
When the catskinners arrived at Bald Mountain, they freaked out as the four men suddenly appeared, looking like giant Hobbits, and announcing that they planned a nonviolent protest to stop the construction. …
This set the stage.
And the next day, when eco-commandos returned in cowboy costume, Earth First!’s guerrilla theatre was born.”
—Alston Chase, In a Dark Wood
Remember one lesson of the Timber Wars of the Pacific Northwest in the 1980s.
Demonstrate the absurd by being absurd. Political theatre, the forest a stage.
When they draw a red line, tap dance all over it.
Make them enforce their crazy laws. Make them own it. Document it, project it, and use it against them.
“Road workers and Earth Firsters! were really having at each other now—arguing, spitting, and cursing—in front of furiously scribbling reporters and whirring video cameras.
. . .deputies arrived and arrested Roselle and his friends, the cameras continued to roll.
The story made the evening news. Stations around the country showed this same footage, over and over.
Each time it played, the incident looked bigger.
On the small screen the crowd seemed large, and viewers couldn’t tell that this whole carefully planned incident had been orchestrated by four unshaven guys in cowboy hats.
“. . .rather than crossbows and six-shooters, their weapon would be television.
As Alinsky advised protesters of any kind, have fun doing it.
“Rule 6: If your people aren’t having a ball doing it, there is something very wrong with the tactic.”
—Saul Alinsky, Rules For Radicals: A Pragmatic Primer for Realistic Radicals (1971)
“. . .what Foreman called ‘nonviolent direct intervention—with wit,'” Chase writes, quoting Foreman.
“That is, guerilla theatre and creative monkeywrenching. . .
Ed Abbey, who lived near Foreman in Tucson, became a kindly stepfather to the Earth Firsters!, reveling in the fact that their lives imitated his art.”
To arrive at this emerald gem one must first pass a No Trespassing sign, before then passing another sign declaring that the land behind it is forever protected as a preserve.
A Most Potent Weapon
“Nobody knows where or when guerilla theatre started.
A kind of subversive drama, it may have originated with traveling road shows during the Middle Ages.
Some Earth First!ers claim their use of it was inspired by the early Spanish ‘mudhead cantinas,’ in which peasants would put on plays to mock the nobility.
The idea was to make fun of authority, undermining its mystique with satire.
But the modern version married this idea with television.”
Today the average bloke in the street has more power than ever with the littlest thing.
A sleek handheld device more powerful than computing machines that once filled buildings the size of small homes.
Today, with cell phones in pocket, we’re all cinematographers on the spot.
With the Internet, we’re all broadcasters and distributors in real time.
Leverage the power.
Power to the peasants.
Figueroa Mountain
Los Padres Lunatics
“Humor is essential to a successful tactician, for the most potent weapons known to mankind are satire and ridicule.”
—Saul Alinsky, Rules For Radicals
Who is crazier?
The naked hippie running through the woods with a gingerbread mask on, catch me if you can, scrawled across his bare back?
Or
The armed federal agent chasing after to arrest him for walking the public lands?
Related Posts
Language of Forest Closure: Assault on an Ancient Right
Hiking is Not a Crime, Let Forest Be Thy Medicine
Hiking is Not a Crime; Bull Moose and Titmouse
Hiking is Not a Crime; Hiker’s Precheck Forest Entry Pass
Hiking is Not a Crime; Done Dirty By Diktat
Reference
“In May-July 2026, El Niño is likely to emerge (61% chance) and persist through at least the end of 2026.
In November 2026- January 2027, there are nearly equal chances (25%) of a very strong, strong, or moderate strength El Niño.
Stronger events do not always mean bigger weather and climate impacts. Stronger events can make it more likely that certain impacts could occur.
—NOAA, ENSO Evolution Status, April, 2026
“. . .most recent computer projections suggest that as the world warms, California should get wetter, not drier, in the winter, . . .”
—New York Times, Science Linking Drought to Global Warming Remains Matter of Dispute (2014)
“A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences concluded that the probabilities of increased amounts of precipitation falling during a single event (also known as precipitation accumulation) will be higher with global warming.”
—NOAA, Global warming precipitation accumulation increases above the current-climate cutoff scale (2017)
“. . .there will be a robust future intensification of winter precipitation, . . .It will accelerate well past what we have seen in historic data.”
“. . .there has been an observed increase in wintertime precipitation in California due to ongoing greenhouse gas emissions32,33, accompanied by an increase in extreme precipitation34,35. Conversely, other seasons, notably spring, are expected to become drier36, signaling an intensification of the wet-dry seasonal cycle37, more frequent dry spells and floods38, and an increase in summertime drought in California39.”
—Nature Portfolio Journal, Robust future intensification of winter precipitation over the United States (2024)
